翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Crypteia ・ Cryptek ・ Cryptella ・ Cryptella canariensis ・ Cryptenamine ・ Cryptendoxyla ・ Crypteria ・ Crypteroniaceae ・ Cryptex ・ CryptGenRandom ・ Crypthecodinium cohnii ・ Cryptic ・ Cryptic (album) ・ Cryptic anglerfish ・ Cryptic antthrush ・ Cryptic bat rabies ・ Cryptic Collection ・ Cryptic Collection Vol. 2 ・ Cryptic Collection Vol. 3 ・ Cryptic crossword ・ Cryptic era ・ Cryptic Fate ・ Cryptic female choice ・ Cryptic flycatcher ・ Cryptic forest falcon ・ Cryptic infection ・ Cryptic Masonry ・ Cryptic pregnancy ・ Cryptic self epitopes ・ Cryptic skink Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Cryptic bat rabies ： ウィキペディア英語版 Cryptic bat rabies Cryptic bat rabies refers to infection from unrecognized exposure to rabies virus that can be phylogenetically traced to bats. It is most often seen in the southern United States. Silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and Eastern pipistrelles (Pipistrellus subflavus) are the two most common bat species associated with this form of infection, though both species are known to have less contact with humans than other bat species such as the Big brown bat. That species is common throughout the United States and often roosts in buildings and homes where human contact is more likely. 〔Sharon L. Messenger, Jean S. Smith, Lillian A. Orciari, Pamela Yager, and Charles Rupprecht. Emerging Patterns of Rabies Deaths and Increased Viral Infectivity. Research. Volume 9, Number 2: February 2003.〕〔Sharon L. Messenger, Jean S. Smith, Charles Rupprecht. Emerging Epidemiology of Bat-Associated Cryptic Cases of Rabies in Humans in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. (2002) 35 (6): 738-747.〕 == Transmission == Non-bite transmission of rabies virus is believed to be through aerosolized inhalation of bat saliva, urine, and/or feces. Droplets containing the virus can pass through mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, mouth, or intestine. Experiments in the early 1960s by Dr. Denny Constantine, a veterinarian, in Texas demonstrated transmission of the virus to animals such as caged coyotes and foxes who had been placed inside Frio Cave with bats. Some of the animals cages were designed to exclude the bats while others were permeable to them. All the test animals became infected with the rabies virus. The conditions in the cave were severe with high temperatures and an ammonia haze rising from the bat guano. 〔Denny G. Constantine. Rabies transmission by nonbite route. Public Health Rep. 1962 April; 77(4): 287–289.〕 In 1967, rabies virus was isolated from the air in Frio Cave. 〔Winkler, W. G. 1968. “Airborne Rabies Virus Isolation.” ''Bull. Wildlife Disease Assoc''. Vol. 4, April 1968, pp. 37-40. Available online at: http://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/reprint/4/2/37〕 Air-borne transmission of rabies virus between bats has been shown to be possible since rabies virus has been isolated from the nasal mucosa of bats who are naturally infected with the virus. 〔Constantine, D. G., Emmons, R. W. & Woodie, J. D. (1972). Rabies virus in nasal mucosa of naturally infected bats. Science 175, 1255–1256.〕〔Gibbons RV. Cryptogenic rabies, bats, and the question of aerosol transmission. Ann Emerg Med. 2002 May;39(5):528-36.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cryptic bat rabies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.